Land Ecological Enhancement, Greenship Neighborhood 1.0: A Theoretical and Concept Study into the Design Framework of a Sustainable Built Environment

Greater Bandung is the third largest metropolitan city in Indonesia. The population growth of Bandung, recorded as 0.37 p.a, makes a significant contribution to the physical development of the city (BPS Bandung City, 2016). Nevertheless, a non-integrated regional planning and design oriented to economic growth points to environmental degradation, which then contributes to several urban hazards. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia (2016), launched its IKLH (Environmental Quality Index) in 2016. Indicators for assessing IKLH are based on the Air Pollution Index (30%), Water Pollution Index (30%), and Green Coverage Index (40%). The score for normal IKLH is above 67, while the score for Bandung declined from 2011 to 2014, with results of 50.49, 48.37, 47.80, and 45.06. This rating scale means that the region is in a state of alert. The lowest score in Bandung relates to green coverage. Air pollution conditions have also deteriorated from year to year, and the index decreased drastically, from 71.03 to 59.24. (Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan RI, 2016).

The Bandung government has established the RTRW (Bandung City Regional Spatial Plan) 2011–2031 (Pemerintah Kota Bandung, 2011), stated in the Regional Regulation of Bandung City No. 18 of 2011. There are two city service centers (PPKs): PPK Alun-alun and PPK Gedebage. Those PPKs must provide adequate infrastructure and facilities to serve the whole city and regional area. Thus, PPK Gedebage becomes our focus, since this area is the new extension of Eastern Bandung development and is mentioned in the Gedebage masterplan (Rencana Induk Kawasan Gedebage, RIKG). In principle, the planning of the Gedebage area aims to reduce the burden of activity and traffic in the center of Bandung, which has reached its maximum capacity. The Gedebage area was developed to reduce the burden of activity and traffic in the center of Bandung, which has also reached its maximum capacity. Commercial and service functions (21.8%) occupy the third largest portion of the total area, after settlements (27.6%) and infrastructure (25.1%). RIKG has included the intensity of land use through the building coverage ratio (BCR), floor area ratio (FAR), and green coverage. RIKG has also provided guidance on flood control systems, drainage systems, and infiltration wells, while other planning provisions have not been regulated.

In the city of Bandung, there are already binding regulations related to buildings and sustainable areas, as outlined in Perwal (Mayor Regulation) No. 1023 of 2016. In the regulation, the construction must consider harmony with the building’s environment in terms of social, cultural, and ecosystem elements. This requirement relates to buildings with a building floor area of at least 5000 m2 (Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, 2015). This Perwal intended to control the city development which is increasingly tend to explore the natural resources based on commercial demand basis neglecting the environmental aspects.  The masterplan design, somehow has not been designed integrated with the aspects of ecological enhancement. By focuses on maintaining the