Student Academic Performance and Single Parenting: A Theoretical Perspective
Abstract
This study reviewed theories that explain how single parenting influences the academic performance of students. Theories that were reviewed include the Family Deficit Model, the Risk and Protective Factor Model, the Social Exchange Theory, the Family Socialization Perspective Model, the Theory of Social Network Paradigm, the Theory of Overlapping Spheres of Influence, the Economic Deprivation Theory, and other perspectives (No-Impact Perspective and System Perspective). The no-impact perspective claims that the association between changing family structures and children’s academic outcomes can be attributed to a combination of family background factors such as parents’ education and incomes and the ethnicity or race of the family. Further, some researchers propose that much family structure research is inconclusive because it has failed to differentiate among various types of single-parent families, such as whether they result from marital disruption (divorce or separation), parental death, or a never-married parent. In addition, it is suggested that many studies fail to take into account the timing in a child’s life of family disruption, the duration of the effects of that disruption, and whether the lone parent is the father, mother, or guardian.
Keywords:
students
families
academic performance
theories
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