Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare disorder characterized by deficient parathyroid hormone (PTH) production, leading to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Most cases result from neck surgery, but genetic and autoimmune causes are also recognized. Symptoms range from paresthesias and muscle cramps to life threatening tetany and seizures. Conventional treatment involves calcium and active vitamin D (calcitriol or alfacalcidol) supplementation, but this approach often leads to complications like hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and renal insufficiency. Recombinant human PTH (1-84) therapy offers an alternative, though long term effects on bone and kidney health remain uncertain. Monitoring includes maintaining blood calcium at the lower end of the normal range and regular assessment of urinary calcium excretion. Emerging therapies, such as calcilytics and long acting PTH analogs, show promise for future management.

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare disorder characterized by deficient parathyroid hormone (PTH) production, leading to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Most cases result from neck surgery, but genetic and autoimmune causes are also recognized. Symptoms range from paresthesias and muscle cramps to life threatening tetany and seizures. Conventional treatment involves calcium and active vitamin D (calcitriol or alfacalcidol) supplementation, but this approach often leads to complications like hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and renal insufficiency. Recombinant human PTH (1-84) therapy offers an alternative, though long term effects on bone and kidney health remain uncertain. Monitoring includes maintaining blood calcium at the lower end of the normal range and regular assessment of urinary calcium excretion. Emerging therapies, such as calcilytics and long acting PTH analogs, show promise for future management.