Adrenal Crisis

Adrenal crisis is a life threatening emergency that occurs in patients with adrenal insufficiency, characterized by acute physiological disturbances such as hypotension, electrolyte imbalances, and systemic symptoms. Despite the availability of glucocorticoid replacement therapy, adrenal crises remain a significant concern, with an annual incidence of 6–8% among affected patients. This review examines the definitions, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of adrenal crises, highlighting risk factors such as infections, nonadherence to therapy, and coexisting conditions. The article emphasizes the importance of prompt treatment with parenteral hydrocortisone and intravenous fluids, as well as preventive strategies including patient education, stress dosing, and the use of medical alert devices. The review also discusses emerging approaches to improve management and reduce the incidence of adrenal crises.

Adrenal crisis is a life threatening emergency that occurs in patients with adrenal insufficiency, characterized by acute physiological disturbances such as hypotension, electrolyte imbalances, and systemic symptoms. Despite the availability of glucocorticoid replacement therapy, adrenal crises remain a significant concern, with an annual incidence of 6–8% among affected patients. This review examines the definitions, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of adrenal crises, highlighting risk factors such as infections, nonadherence to therapy, and coexisting conditions. The article emphasizes the importance of prompt treatment with parenteral hydrocortisone and intravenous fluids, as well as preventive strategies including patient education, stress dosing, and the use of medical alert devices. The review also discusses emerging approaches to improve management and reduce the incidence of adrenal crises.