Current Management of Glycemia in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

This clinical practice article reviews evidence based strategies for managing glycemia in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Key points include:

• Tight glycemic control reduces long term complications but requires balancing hypoglycemia risks.

• Technological advances: Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), smart insulin pens, and hybrid closed loop insulin delivery systems improve time in range and quality of life.

• Insulin regimens: Basal bolus therapy with rapid/long acting analogs remains standard, though newer formulations (e.g., ultra rapid insulins) and delivery methods (e.g., pumps) offer flexibility.

• Emerging therapies: Ready to use glucagon formulations and automated insulin delivery systems address hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.

• Challenges: Disparities in access to technology and high insulin costs persist.

The authors recommend individualized care plans integrating education, technology, and multidisciplinary support.

This clinical practice article reviews evidence based strategies for managing glycemia in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Key points include:

• Tight glycemic control reduces long term complications but requires balancing hypoglycemia risks.

• Technological advances: Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), smart insulin pens, and hybrid closed loop insulin delivery systems improve time in range and quality of life.

• Insulin regimens: Basal bolus therapy with rapid/long acting analogs remains standard, though newer formulations (e.g., ultra rapid insulins) and delivery methods (e.g., pumps) offer flexibility.

• Emerging therapies: Ready to use glucagon formulations and automated insulin delivery systems address hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.

• Challenges: Disparities in access to technology and high insulin costs persist.

The authors recommend individualized care plans integrating education, technology, and multidisciplinary support.