The Modern Epidemic of Syphilis

Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum, has resurged in the United States, reaching levels not seen in over two decades. This review explores the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, and management of syphilis, emphasizing its impact on high risk populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and pregnant women. The article highlights the complexities of serologic testing, the importance of penicillin as the treatment of choice, and emerging issues like antimicrobial resistance and congenital syphilis. Public health strategies and future directions, including potential vaccines and prophylactic measures, are also discussed.

Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum, has resurged in the United States, reaching levels not seen in over two decades. This review explores the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, and management of syphilis, emphasizing its impact on high risk populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and pregnant women. The article highlights the complexities of serologic testing, the importance of penicillin as the treatment of choice, and emerging issues like antimicrobial resistance and congenital syphilis. Public health strategies and future directions, including potential vaccines and prophylactic measures, are also discussed.