Evaluation of drug prescription pattern using World Health Organization prescribing indicators in public health facilities found in Ethiopia: systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Background: Drug use evaluation is a structured, methodological, and criteria-based drug assessment system that helps to evaluate the actual trend of drug use in a particular setting. If drug prescription practices are inappropriate, need to examine the patterns of drug use is necessary to change prescribing patterns accordingly. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the drug prescription pattern in public health facilities found in Ethiopia using prescribing indicators developed by the World Health Organization. Methods: This review was conducted as per the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guideline. Extensive searching to identify articles was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Research Gate, Africa Journal of Online, and Google scholar. Finally, 10 eligible articles were selected for analysis based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The median value, as well as the 25th and 75th percentiles for each WHO prescribing indicator, were computed. Result: The pooled median value of WHO prescribing indicators was reported as follows: the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter=2.14 (IQR 1.79–2.52), the percentage of encounters with antibiotics prescribed=43.46% (IQR 30.01–58.67), the percentage of encounters with an injection prescribed=13.20% (6.47–40.7), percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name=93.49% (89.13–97.96), and the percentage of medicines prescribed from essential medicines list=92.54% (85.10–97.7). The forest plots determined for each prescribing indicator indicated that there is a high degree of heterogeneity across articles. Conclusion: All of the prescribing indicators were not consistent with the standard values recommended by the World Health Organization. Therefore, public health facilities should take appropriate measures for improving the prescription patterns as per the recommendation set by the World Health Organization

Background: Drug use evaluation is a structured, methodological, and criteria-based drug assessment system that helps to evaluate the actual trend of drug use in a particular setting. If drug prescription practices are inappropriate, need to examine the patterns of drug use is necessary to change prescribing patterns accordingly. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the drug prescription pattern in public health facilities found in Ethiopia using prescribing indicators developed by the World Health Organization. Methods: This review was conducted as per the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guideline. Extensive searching to identify articles was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Research Gate, Africa Journal of Online, and Google scholar. Finally, 10 eligible articles were selected for analysis based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The median value, as well as the 25th and 75th percentiles for each WHO prescribing indicator, were computed. Result: The pooled median value of WHO prescribing indicators was reported as follows: the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter=2.14 (IQR 1.79–2.52), the percentage of encounters with antibiotics prescribed=43.46% (IQR 30.01–58.67), the percentage of encounters with an injection prescribed=13.20% (6.47–40.7), percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name=93.49% (89.13–97.96), and the percentage of medicines prescribed from essential medicines list=92.54% (85.10–97.7). The forest plots determined for each prescribing indicator indicated that there is a high degree of heterogeneity across articles. Conclusion: All of the prescribing indicators were not consistent with the standard values recommended by the World Health Organization. Therefore, public health facilities should take appropriate measures for improving the prescription patterns as per the recommendation set by the World Health Organization